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Manufacture of Biobased Acetic Acid from Ethanol
Bio based or Food Grade Acetic Acid is produced from Acetaldehyde which uses Ethanol as raw material produced from grains / sugarcane / molasses.
The first step in making acetic acid is to produce acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde to Acetic Acid:
General Overview:
- The process involves the liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde to produce acetic acid using potassium permanganate and manganese acetate as catalysts. The reaction is exothermic and typically occurs at temperatures between 55-60°C. The chemical reaction can be represented as follows:
Process Description:
- Catalyst Preparation and Initial Setup:
- Manganese acetate is mixed with acetic acid to create a 0.1% concentration of manganese acetate. This catalyst mixture fills the reactor and other associated units
- The system is pressurized to 4.5-5.0 kg/cm² using air, which is sparingly fed and allowed to bubble through the reactor.
- Reaction Initiation:
- The reactor mass is heated to 50-55°C using steam in the reactor cooler.
- Acetaldehyde feed is introduced, and as its concentration increases to 1.0-2.0%, the reaction accelerates, causing a temperature rise. Water flow to the reactor cooler is adjusted to control the temperature
- Product Stream Management:
- As the reactor level rises, a stream is removed via a level controller, heated to 75-85°C, and sent to the acid reactor.
- The overflow from the pre-acid reactor is sent to the acetaldehyde stripper for the recovery of unconverted aldehyde, which is then recycled to the reactor.
- Acetic Acid Recovery:
- The hot crude acid from the stripper's bottom is cooled and pumped for further stripping of tail gases. Another stream goes to the acid distillation column.
- Pure acetic acid is obtained as the bottom product from the distillation column, while water is removed from the top as dilute acid (10-15% strength).
- Recycling and Tail Gas Treatment:
- A portion of the catalyst-rich bottoms is cooled and recirculated to the reactor.
- Tail gases from the gas washer are scrubbed with water to remove acid traces, and these washings are also fed into the acid distillation column for recovery.
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